Packet 8: Bonus 8
In ancient Indian philosophy, the smoke from a fire is a classic demonstration of inference, one of the six sources of this concept called pramānas (“pruh-MAH-nuhs”). For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this concept whose traditional three-word definition from Plato’s Theaetetus was challenged in a set of cases proposed by Edmund Gettier.
ANSWER: knowledge [or jñana]
[10h] Sense experience and inference are the only two pramānas, according to this student of Vasubandhu. Dharmakīrti elaborated on many theories from this pioneering Buddhist logician’s treatise Pramāna-samuccaya (“pruh-MAH-nuh SUH-moo-CHUH-yuh”).
ANSWER: Dignāga [or Dinnāga]
[10m] Because Buddhist philosophy denies these entities’ existence, Dignāga defined the similar concept of apoha as an exclusion of exclusions. William of Ockham believed these entities to be only concepts, not mind-independent realities.
ANSWER: universals [or sāmānyalakṣaṇa]
<AM, Philosophy> | NAFTA-Packet-8
| Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38 | 13.42 | 82% | 47% | 5% |
Conversion
| Team | Opponent | Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Total | Parts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maybe Ever | The Worst Trade Deal in the History of Trade Deals | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | E |
| WashU | Lex | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | E |
| [Redacted] | St. Marx | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | E |
| four high school generalists shock natives with fluent stock in Tocharian B | W&L+Friend | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | E |
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Match | Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 NAFTA at Stanford | 01/17/2026 | ✓ | 4 | 17.50 | 100% | 75% | 0% |
| 2026 NAFTA at UBC | 01/17/2026 | ✓ | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA Online | 02/14/2026 | ✓ | 4 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| 2026 NAFTA at Vanderbilt | 02/14/2026 | ✓ | 3 | 10.00 | 33% | 67% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Toronto | 09/13/2025 | ✕ | 5 | 8.00 | 60% | 20% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Maryland | 09/27/2025 | ✓ | 5 | 12.00 | 80% | 40% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Harvard | 10/04/2025 | ✓ | 3 | 10.00 | 67% | 33% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Oxford | 10/11/2025 | ✓ | 4 | 7.50 | 25% | 50% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Chicago | 11/08/2025 | ✓ | 6 | 20.00 | 100% | 67% | 33% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Columbia | 11/08/2025 | ✓ | 5 | 14.00 | 100% | 40% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Richmond | 12/20/2025 | ✓ | 2 | 20.00 | 100% | 100% | 0% |