knowledge - 2025 NAFTA

Packet 8: Bonus 8

In ancient Indian philosophy, the smoke from a fire is a classic demonstration of inference, one of the six sources of this concept called pramānas (“pruh-MAH-nuhs”). For 10 points each:

[10e] Name this concept whose traditional three-word definition from Plato’s Theaetetus was challenged in a set of cases proposed by Edmund Gettier.

ANSWER: knowledge [or jñana]

[10h] Sense experience and inference are the only two pramānas, according to this student of Vasubandhu. Dharmakīrti elaborated on many theories from this pioneering Buddhist logician’s treatise Pramāna-samuccaya (“pruh-MAH-nuh SUH-moo-CHUH-yuh”).

ANSWER: Dignāga [or Dinnāga]

[10m] Because Buddhist philosophy denies these entities’ existence, Dignāga defined the similar concept of apoha as an exclusion of exclusions. William of Ockham believed these entities to be only concepts, not mind-independent realities.

ANSWER: universals [or sāmānyalakṣaṇa]

<AM, Philosophy> | NAFTA-Packet-8

Heard	PPB	E %	M %	H %
38	13.42	82%	47%	5%

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Conversion

Team	Opponent	Part 1	Part 2	Part 3	Total	Parts
(give me an) ANSWER: die for baseball	1000000 Delinquents	10	10	10	30	EHM
BHSU	Execute Order 6 7	10	0	10	20	EM
Berkeley B	Team 7	10	0	10	20	EM
Capital One in the Twenty-First Century	Surrealist Subcommandante Marcos be like Esto no es una pipa	10	0	0	10	E
Catholic University A	Contessa Dora	10	0	10	20	EM
Constans Constantius and Constantine Jr.	Stanford A	10	0	10	20	EM
David Foster Gromit	Polish Orthographers Posting Their Łs	10	0	10	20	EM
Dielectrical Materialism	Vacuous Tortoise	0	0	0	0
Dour Straits	C R A B S	10	0	0	10	E
Georgia Tech 𓂈𓆉𓃡	Say It Ain't Zhou	10	0	10	20	EM
H Charlson's Washed Up Scrubs	A Neg of Beauty is a Joy Forever	0	0	10	10	M
Habitat 67	Noah Sheidlower	10	0	10	20	EM
In the Mood for Transportation Equipment	Chicago !A	10	0	10	20	EM
It's something unpredictable/that in the end is right/please refrain from e-mailing my wife	Copán Seethe	10	0	10	20	EM
JHU	Mike and Psmith	10	0	0	10	E
Maryland F♯ A♯ ∞	https://i.imgur.com/C6nN2FE.png	10	0	10	20	EM
Maybe Ever	The Worst Trade Deal in the History of Trade Deals	10	0	0	10	E
Middlesex County Fetty Wap Fan Club	The Saint-Straw that Broke the Camille's Back	0	0	0	0
Muscle Mass Extinction Event	Indiana	10	10	10	30	EHM
NYU B or not NYU B (that is the question)	The "C" Team	10	0	0	10	E
Northwestern	Quebecois Olga Tokarczuk be like 'freins de jacob interdits'	10	0	0	10	E
Penn State	Rosslyn Academic Team	10	0	0	10	E
Six Quizbowlers in Search of Owen Minmo	Shipping Down from Ballston	10	0	0	10	E
Stanford B	Berkeley A	10	0	10	20	EM
Team 8	Not Old! (Old)	10	0	0	10	E
Tennessee A	Girls who Just Want to Have Fun + Liam	0	0	0	0
The Fire Neg Time	consumption smoothing by borrowing future big law income	10	0	10	20	EM
The Third Time when she was Given to Answer the Hard and the Easy, and Answered Only the Easy	No Country for Old Quizzers	0	0	10	10	M
The Umayyad Caliphate be like REPEAL NAPHTHA	Ana Pauker? I hardly know her!	0	0	10	10	M
The Unbearable Heaviness of History Players	UBC A	10	0	0	10	E
The tram is not in service; please use the moving walkway.	Invective Against Swans	10	0	0	10	E
UBC B	Abbas I founded the Abbasids	10	0	0	10	E
UNC Charity	Munir Siddiqui Fan Club	0	0	0	0
Untitled Keyal Team	NYU A	10	0	0	10	E
Untitled by Alexander McQueen by Premeditated Chaos by Alexander McQueen by Percival Everett	Negged Five Times in a Yellow Cab Against the Gottis and Gambinos	10	0	10	20	EM
WashU	Lex	10	0	0	10	E
[Redacted]	St. Marx	10	0	0	10	E
four high school generalists shock natives with fluent stock in Tocharian B	W&L+Friend	10	0	0	10	E

Summary

Tournament	Edition	Match	Heard	PPB	E %	M %	H %
2026 NAFTA at Stanford	01/17/2026	✓	4	17.50	100%	75%	0%
2026 NAFTA at UBC	01/17/2026	✓	2	10.00	100%	0%	0%
2025 NAFTA Online	02/14/2026	✓	4	10.00	100%	0%	0%
2026 NAFTA at Vanderbilt	02/14/2026	✓	3	10.00	33%	67%	0%
2025 NAFTA at Toronto	09/13/2025	✕	5	8.00	60%	20%	0%
2025 NAFTA at Maryland	09/27/2025	✓	5	12.00	80%	40%	0%
2025 NAFTA at Harvard	10/04/2025	✓	3	10.00	67%	33%	0%
2025 NAFTA at Oxford	10/11/2025	✓	4	7.50	25%	50%	0%
2025 NAFTA at Chicago	11/08/2025	✓	6	20.00	100%	67%	33%
2025 NAFTA at Columbia	11/08/2025	✓	5	14.00	100%	40%	0%
2025 NAFTA at Richmond	12/20/2025	✓	2	20.00	100%	100%	0%