Packet 8: Bonus 8
In ancient Indian philosophy, the smoke from a fire is a classic demonstration of inference, one of the six sources of this concept called pramānas (“pruh-MAH-nuhs”). For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this concept whose traditional three-word definition was challenged in a set of cases proposed by Edmund Gettier.
ANSWER: knowledge [or jñana]
[10h] Sense experience and inference are the only two pramānas, according to this student of Vasubandhu. Dharmakīrti elaborated on many theories from this pioneering Buddhist logician’s treatise Pramāna-samuccaya (“pruh-MAH-nuh SUH-moo-CHUH-yuh”).
ANSWER: Dignāga [or Dinnāga]
[10m] The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy relates “aboutness” to Dignāga’s negatively-defined examples of these entities called apoha. William of Ockham believed these entities to be only concepts, not mind-independent realities.
ANSWER: universals [accept categories]
<AM, Philosophy> | NAFTA-Packet-8
| Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 8.00 | 60% | 20% | 0% |
Conversion
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Match | Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 NAFTA at Stanford | 01/17/2026 | ✕ | 4 | 17.50 | 100% | 75% | 0% |
| 2026 NAFTA at UBC | 01/17/2026 | ✕ | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA Online | 02/14/2026 | ✕ | 4 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| 2026 NAFTA at Vanderbilt | 02/14/2026 | ✕ | 3 | 10.00 | 33% | 67% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Toronto | 09/13/2025 | ✓ | 5 | 8.00 | 60% | 20% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Maryland | 09/27/2025 | ✕ | 5 | 12.00 | 80% | 40% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Harvard | 10/04/2025 | ✕ | 3 | 10.00 | 67% | 33% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Oxford | 10/11/2025 | ✕ | 4 | 7.50 | 25% | 50% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Chicago | 11/08/2025 | ✕ | 6 | 20.00 | 100% | 67% | 33% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Columbia | 11/08/2025 | ✕ | 5 | 14.00 | 100% | 40% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Richmond | 12/20/2025 | ✕ | 2 | 20.00 | 100% | 100% | 0% |