Round 2: Tossup 17

Description acceptable. A 2013 essay collection by Pigliucci and Boudry “reconsiders” this problem by arguing against a paper which discusses three “metaphilosophical” questions regarding it. Paul Thagard gave two conditions to solve this problem, the subject of a Larry Laudan paper titled for its “demise.” Michèle Lamont built on Thomas F. Gieryn’s idea of a type of “work” initially proposed to solve this problem. One solution to (15[1])this problem distinguishes activities that engage in (*) “puzzle-solving,” which characterizes a discipline’s “normal” form according to Thomas Kuhn. The logical positivist criterion of verification (-5[1])to solve this problem was opposed (-5[1])by Karl Popper’s falsifiability criterion. For 10 points, name this philosophical problem concerning how to distinguish disciplines like astronomy (10[1])from those like astrology. (10[1])■END■ (10[1]0[2])

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