Round 2: Tossup 17

Description acceptable. A 2013 essay collection by Pigliucci and Boudry “reconsiders” this problem by arguing against a paper which discusses three “metaphilosophical” questions regarding it. Paul Thagard gave two conditions to solve this problem, the subject of a Larry Laudan paper titled for its “demise.” Michèle Lamont (15[1])built on Thomas F. Gieryn’s idea of a type of “work” initially proposed to solve this problem. One solution (15[1])to this problem distinguishes activities that engage in (*) “puzzle-solving,” which characterizes (-5[1])a discipline’s (10[1])“normal” form according (-5[2])to Thomas Kuhn. The logical positivist criterion of verification to solve this problem (10[1])was opposed by Karl Popper’s falsifiability criterion. For 10 points, name this philosophical problem concerning how to distinguish disciplines like astronomy from those like astrology. ■END■ (10[1])

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