Round 4: Tossup 12

When this condition approximately holds, the scale height of an accretion disk is proportional to the three-halves power of radius. Derivations of gravitational lensing use an idealized “sphere” named for this condition that holds density proportional to the square of velocity dispersion over “two pi G r squared.” On curves named for this condition, vertical or horizontal lines connect spinodal points between which no stable states can exist in the (*) Maxwell construction. The work done by a gas under this condition is proportional to the log of a ratio of volumes. Processes under this condition are represented by hyperbolas (-5[1])on P-V diagrams, such as when an ideal gas interacts with a heat bath at the start of the Carnot cycle. For 10 points, name this condition where the number of degrees Celsius doesn’t (10[1])change. ■END■ (10[1]0[3])

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