Packet 4: Tossup 12

When this condition approximately holds, the scale height of an accretion disk is proportional to the three-halves power of radius. Derivations of gravitational lensing use an idealized “sphere” named for this condition (15[1])that holds density proportional to the square of velocity dispersion over “two pi G r squared.” On curves named for this condition, vertical or horizontal (15[1])lines connect spinodal points between which no stable states can exist in the (*) Maxwell (-5[1])construction. The work done by a gas under this condition is proportional (-5[1])to the log of a ratio of volumes. (10[1]-5[6])Processes (-5[1])under this condition are represented by hyperbolas (-5[2])on P-V diagrams, (10[1]-5[1])such as (-5[2])when an ideal (-5[1])gas (10[2])interacts (-5[2])with a heat bath at the start of the Carnot cycle. (-5[1])For 10 points, name this (10[1])condition (-5[2])where the number of degrees Celsius doesn’t (10[2])change. (10[2])■END■ (10[23]0[6])

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