Round 8: Tossup 15

A formalism developed by this scientist was repopularized in the English-speaking world by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar’s series of 1946 papers on radiative transfer. Waves that reflect off two sides of a boundary between media must differ in phase by 180 degrees according to one of this scientist’s namesake relations. 4-by-4 rotation matrices act on vectors named for this scientist in Mueller calculus. (15[1])Four parameters denoted (*) I, Q, U, and V make up vectors named for this scientist (10[1]-5[1])that describe light with any degree of polarization, unlike (10[1])Jones vectors. This scientist found that fluorescent light has less energy than absorbed light; Raman spectroscopy observes that “shift” named for him. For 10 points, name this Irish physicist who built on a theory of viscous fluid flow developed (10[1])by Claude-Louis Navier. ■END■ (10[1])

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