Packet 2: Bonus 3
Elevated levels of A·F·P in amniotic fluid primarily indicate an increased risk for abdominal wall defects and these conditions in fetuses. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name these birth defects often caused by the improper closure of the spinal column or cranium during fetal development. “Open” examples of these conditions include anencephaly (“an-en-SEH-fah-lee”) and spina bifida.
ANSWER: neural tube defects [or NTDs; accept open neural tube defects or ONTDs; accept spinal dysraphisms]
[10h] This test assesses fetal neural tube defect risk by observing for high A·F·P but normal estriol and hCG levels in maternal serum. Like the NIPT, this second trimester blood test is mainly used to screen for Down syndrome.
ANSWER: triple test [or triple screen test or triple marker test or triple serology test; accept Kettering test; accept Bart’s test; accept multiple-marker screen test or MMS; accept quad test or quadruple screen test or quad screening; accept AFP PLUS test; prompt on maternal serum screen test; prompt on integrated prenatal screening or integrated screen test; prompt on STS; prompt on biochemical test; prompt on double screen test or dual marker test; reject “combined test”]
[10e] Neural tube defect risk is also linked to the breakdown of this neurotransmitter in amniotic fluid. Somatic motor neurons release this neurotransmitter to stimulate muscle contraction.
ANSWER: acetylcholine [or ACh]
<KN, Biology> | NAFTA-Packet-2
| Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 43 | 10.93 | 79% | 23% | 7% |
Conversion
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Match | Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 NAFTA at Stanford | 01/17/2026 | ✓ | 4 | 12.50 | 100% | 25% | 0% |
| 2026 NAFTA at UBC | 01/17/2026 | ✓ | 2 | 5.00 | 50% | 0% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA Online | 02/14/2026 | ✓ | 4 | 7.50 | 75% | 0% | 0% |
| 2026 NAFTA at Vanderbilt | 02/14/2026 | ✓ | 3 | 13.33 | 67% | 33% | 33% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Toronto | 09/13/2025 | ✓ | 4 | 5.00 | 50% | 0% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Toronto | 09/13/2025 | ✓ | 1 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Maryland | 09/27/2025 | ✓ | 5 | 12.00 | 60% | 40% | 20% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Harvard | 10/04/2025 | ✓ | 3 | 20.00 | 100% | 67% | 33% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Oxford | 10/11/2025 | ✓ | 4 | 10.00 | 75% | 25% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Chicago | 11/08/2025 | ✓ | 6 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Columbia | 11/08/2025 | ✓ | 5 | 8.00 | 80% | 0% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Richmond | 12/20/2025 | ✓ | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |