Round 9: Tossup 10

In control theory, an inequality named for this process sets an upper bound on the time derivative of a “storage function.” A bath spectral function used to classify this process as sub-ohmic, ohmic, (15[1])or super-ohmic, was developed to measure the “quantum” form of this process by Caldeira and Leggett. For a non-ideal inductor, a factor named for this process equals ESR over omega L, or equivalently, the reciprocal of the (*) quality factor. The fourth root of kinematic viscosity over the average rate of this process per unit mass is the Kolmogorov length scale. This process is measured by the imaginary part of the linear response function and related to the correlation function of an observable in a theorem equating this process to fluctuation. For 10 points, (10[1])damped systems undergo what process where a system loses energy? ■END■ (10[1]0[2])

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