Packet 5: Tossup 21

The inverse square of this quantity is proportional to the Bondi radius, inside which accretion can be modeled as free fall since this quantity is exceeded. Asteroseismology can be used to infer the age of stars since their internal profiles of this quantity depend on chemical (-5[1])composition. (-5[1])This quantity times the square root of pi over the product of big G and density equals the Jeans length. (15[1]-5[1])This quantity times the time at recombination (-5[1])equals the length scale of a certain (*) horizon, which can be (-5[1])measured through BAOs. For an ideal (10[1])gas, this quantity equals the square root of gamma R T (-5[1])over M, (10[4]-5[1])since it (10[1])generically equals the square (10[1])root (10[1])of bulk modulus (10[1])over density (10[3])by the (10[1])Newton-Laplace (10[3])equation. (10[1])Exceeding this quantity (10[2])creates (10[1])a cone-shaped (10[2])shock (10[2])wave. (10[3]-5[1])For (10[2])10 points, (10[1])name this quantity (10[3])equal (10[1])to Mach 1. (10[2])■END■ (10[6])

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