Packet 2: Bonus 21
By 1192, this institution reportedly had a single member named Benedetto Carissimus, who led it under the summus title. For 10 points each:
[10h] What institution was revived in 1144 by republican followers of Arnold of Brescia? That incarnation of this institution likely had 56 members because it assigned four men from 14 of a city’s regiones.
ANSWER: the Roman Senate [or senato romano or the Senātus Rōmānus; prompt on Senate]
[10m] The Roman Senate was revived by one of these medieval governments established in Rome. These governments were formed through mutual aid agreements throughout cities in northern Italy.
ANSWER: commune [or communia]
[10e] Two answers required. The Commune of Rome pitted holders of these two titles, like Conrad III and Clement III, against each other. The Guelphs and Ghibellines were two factions in the struggle between these two titles.
ANSWER: Pope AND Holy Roman Emperor [accept Bishop of Rome or supreme pontiff or Roman pontiff or Pontifex maximus for “Pope”; accept Emperor of the Romans or Imperator Romanorum or Kaiser der Römer for “Holy Roman Emperor”]
<EC, European History> | NAFTA-Packet-2
| Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 | 15.83 | 96% | 25% | 38% |
Conversion
| Team | Opponent | Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Total | Parts |
|---|
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Match | Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 NAFTA at Stanford | 01/17/2026 | ✓ | 3 | 16.67 | 100% | 67% | 0% |
| 2026 NAFTA at UBC | 01/17/2026 | ✓ | 1 | 20.00 | 100% | 0% | 100% |
| 2025 NAFTA Online | 02/14/2026 | ✓ | 4 | 12.50 | 100% | 25% | 0% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Maryland | 09/27/2025 | ✓ | 3 | 10.00 | 67% | 0% | 33% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Harvard | 10/04/2025 | ✓ | 1 | 20.00 | 100% | 0% | 100% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Oxford | 10/11/2025 | ✓ | 2 | 20.00 | 100% | 0% | 100% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Chicago | 11/08/2025 | ✓ | 6 | 16.67 | 100% | 33% | 33% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Columbia | 11/08/2025 | ✓ | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 0% | 33% |
| 2025 NAFTA at Richmond | 12/20/2025 | ✓ | 1 | 30.00 | 100% | 100% | 100% |